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Physical Signs Suggestive of Malnutrition
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Physical Signs Suggestive of Malnutrition
Organ
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Signs Associated with Malnutrition
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Deficient Nutrient
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Hair
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Lustreless, thin, sparse, hair shafts. Easily pluckable, changes in shaft pigmentation
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Energy, protein
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Face
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Redness and scaling of nasolabial folds
Diffuse depigmentation
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Riboflavin
Energy, protein
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Eyes
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Pale conjunctiva
Poor dark adaptation, conjunctival xerosis, papilloedema
Angular palpebritis
Intraocular haemorrhage
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Iron
Retinol
Riboflavin, niacin
Ascorbic acid
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Lips
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Bilateral angular stomatitis
Cheilosis
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Riboflavin
Niacin and/or riboflavin
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Tongue
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Raw tongue
Magenta tongue
Glossitis
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Niacin
Riboflavin
Folic acid, niacin, riboflavin, cobalamin, iron
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Gums
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Pale
Spongy, bleeding
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Iron
Ascorbic acid
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Skin
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Purpura
Hyperpigmentation
Yellow discoloration
Desquamatory dermatitis
Follicular hyperkeratosis, xerosis, mosaic dermatosis
Petechial haemorrhages
Thickening/pigmentation of pressure points and areas exposed to sunlight
Scrotal and vulval dermatosis
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Vitamin K
Energy, cobalamin, folic acid, niacin
Carotenoids
Biotin, essential fatty acids, zinc, pyridoxine
Retinol and/or essential fatty acids
Ascorbic acid
Niacin
Riboflavin
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Nails
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Koilonychia
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Iron
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Musculoskeletal system
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Wasting
Craniotabes, frontal bossing, knock knees, beading of ribs, bow legs, bone pain
Musculoskeletal haemorrhage
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Energy, protein
Vitamin D
Ascorbic acid
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Cardiac system
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cardiomegaly, tachycardia
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Thiamine
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Nervous system
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Mental confusion
Bilateral loss of ankle and knee jerks
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Thiamine, protein
Thiamine, cobalamin
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Gastrointestinal system
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Hepatomegaly
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Protein
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